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Ohio State is getting close to full strength and is looking forward to a final non-conference foe before diving into its Big Ten schedule. The Buckeyes (8-4) host Indiana State (8-4) on Sunday afternoon in Columbus, Ohio, with another opportunity to get valuable minutes for center Aaron Bradshaw. Bradshaw, who transferred from Kentucky after his freshman year last season, missed seven games while Ohio State investigated an alleged domestic incident at his off-campus apartment. He made his first five shots and finished with 11 points in 18 minutes during the Buckeyes' 85-65 rout of then-No. 4 Kentucky on Dec. 21. "Aaron plays with an intensity and a passion that I thought we missed," Buckeyes coach Jake Diebler said Friday. "And certainly, his size (7-foot-1), rebounding ability, his ability to protect the rim, all of those things were certainly missed. "I'm not going to lie. I didn't anticipate he was going to go 5 for 6 but that spoke to his focus the last couple of weeks to get back out there." While Ohio State was battling the storied Kentucky program, Indiana State was posting a 101-53 win over the University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy. The Sycamores open Missouri Valley Conference play next week. To say it's a giant leap to play Ohio State for the first time in program history is an understatement. "I'm definitely excited. I know the team is super excited because we all think we can play at that level," Indiana State guard Jahni Summers said. "We all know we can play at that level. It will be a big game for us, a huge challenge for sure." The Sycamores are led by Samage Teel, who is averaging 17.5 points per game while shooting 58.2 percent from the field. He also leads the team with 4.3 assists per game. Indiana State has won five in a row and has scored at least 80 points in each of the past six games. Diebler said the Buckeyes need to move past the win over Kentucky. "We know what's coming up here, certainly starting off with a really good Indiana State team," he said. --Field Level Media
Minuscule robots for targeted drug delivery December 11, 2024 California Institute of Technology An interdisciplinary team has created tiny bubble-like microrobots that can deliver therapeutics right where they are needed and then be absorbed by the body. Facebook Twitter Pinterest LinkedIN Email In the future, delivering therapeutic drugs exactly where they are needed within the body could be the task of miniature robots. Not little metal humanoid or even bio-mimicking robots; think instead of tiny bubble-like spheres. Such robots would have a long and challenging list of requirements. For example, they would need to survive in bodily fluids, such as stomach acids, and be controllable, so they could be directed precisely to targeted sites. They also must release their medical cargo only when they reach their target, and then be absorbable by the body without causing harm. Now, microrobots that tick all those boxes have been developed by a Caltech-led team. Using the bots, the team successfully delivered therapeutics that decreased the size of bladder tumors in mice. A paper describing the work appears in the journal Science Robotics . "We have designed a single platform that can address all of these problems," says Wei Gao, professor of medical engineering at Caltech, Heritage Medical Research Institute Investigator, and co-corresponding author of the new paper about the bots, which the team calls bioresorbable acoustic microrobots (BAM). "Rather than putting a drug into the body and letting it diffuse everywhere, now we can guide our microrobots directly to a tumor site and release the drug in a controlled and efficient way," Gao says. The concept of micro- or nanorobots is not new. People have been developing versions of these over the past two decades. However, thus far, their applications in living systems have been limited because it is extremely challenging to move objects with precision in complex biofluids such as blood, urine, or saliva, Gao says. The robots also have to be biocompatible and bioresorbable, meaning that they leave nothing toxic behind in the body. The Caltech-developed microrobots are spherical microstructures made of a hydrogel called poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. Hydrogels are materials that start out in liquid or resin form and become solid when the network of polymers found within them becomes cross-linked, or hardens. This structure and composition enable hydrogels to retain large amounts of fluid, making many of them biocompatible. The additive manufacturing fabrication method also enables the outer sphere to carry the therapeutic cargo to a target site within the body. To develop the hydrogel recipe and to make the microstructures, Gao turned to Caltech's Julia R. Greer, the Ruben F. and Donna Mettler Professor of Materials Science, Mechanics and Medical Engineering, the Fletcher Jones Foundation Director of the Kavli Nanoscience Institute, and co-corresponding author of the paper. Greer's group has expertise in two-photon polymerization (TPP) lithography, a technique that uses extremely fast pulses of infrared laser light to selectively cross-link photosensitive polymers according to a particular pattern in a very precise manner. The technique allows a structure to be built up layer by layer, in a way reminiscent of 3D printers, but in this case, with much greater precision and form complexity. Greer's group managed to "write," or print out, microstructures that are roughly 30 microns in diameter -- about the diameter of a human hair. "This particular shape, this sphere, is very complicated to write," Greer says. "You have to know certain tricks of the trade to keep the spheres from collapsing on themselves. We were able to not only synthesize the resin that contains all the biofunctionalization and all the medically necessary elements, but we were able to write them in a precise spherical shape with the necessary cavity." In their final form, the microrobots incorporate magnetic nanoparticles and the therapeutic drug within the outer structure of the spheres. The magnetic nanoparticles allow the scientists to direct the robots to a desired location using an external magnetic field. When the robots reach their target, they remain in that spot, and the drug passively diffuses out. Gao and colleagues designed the exterior of the microstructure to be hydrophilic -- that is, attracted to water -- which ensures that the individual robots do not clump together as they travel through the body. However, the inner surface of the microrobot cannot be hydrophilic because it needs to trap an air bubble, and bubbles are easy to collapse or dissolve. To construct hybrid microrobots that are both hydrophilic on their exterior and hydrophobic, or repellent to water, in their interior, the researchers devised a two-step chemical modification. First, they attached long-chain carbon molecules to the hydrogel, making the entire structure hydrophobic. Then the researchers used a technique called oxygen plasma etching to remove some of those long-chain carbon structures from the interior, leaving the outside hydrophobic and the interior hydrophilic. "This was one of the key innovations of this project," says Gao, who is also a Ronald and JoAnne Willens Scholar. "This asymmetric surface modification, where the inside is hydrophobic and the outside is hydrophilic, really allows us to use many robots and still trap bubbles for a prolonged period of time in biofluids, such as urine or serum." Indeed, the team showed that the bubbles can last for as long as several days with this treatment versus the few minutes that would otherwise be possible. The presence of trapped bubbles is also crucial for moving the robots and for keeping track of them with real-time imaging. For example, to enable propulsion, the team designed the microrobot sphere to have two cylinder-like openings -- one at the top and another to one side. When the robots are exposed to an ultrasound field, the bubbles vibrate, causing the surrounding fluid to stream away from the robots through the opening, propelling the robots through the fluid. Gao's team found that the use of two openings gave the robots the ability to move not only in various viscous biofluids, but also at greater speeds than can be achieved with a single opening. Trapped within each microstructure is an egg-like bubble that serves as an excellent ultrasound imaging contrast agent, enabling real-time monitoring of the bots in vivo . The team developed a way to track the microrobots as they move to their targets with the help of ultrasound imaging experts Mikhail Shapiro, Caltech's Max Delbruck Professor of Chemical Engineering and Medical Engineering, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator; co-corresponding author Di Wu, research scientist and director of the DeepMIC Center at Caltech; and co-corresponding author Qifa Zhou, professor of ophthalmology and biomedical engineering at USC. The final stage of development involved testing the microrobots as a drug-delivery tool in mice with bladder tumors. The researchers found that four deliveries of therapeutics provided by the microrobots over the course of 21 days was more effective at shrinking tumors than a therapeutic not delivered by robots. "We think this is a very promising platform for drug delivery and precision surgery," Gao says. "Looking to the future, we could evaluate using this robot as a platform to deliver different types of therapeutic payloads or agents for different conditions. And in the long term, we hope to test this in humans." The work was supported by the Kavli Nanoscience Institute at Caltech as well as by funding from the National Science Foundation; the Heritage Medical Research Institute; the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund; the National Institutes of Health; the Army Research Office through the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies; the Caltech DeepMIC Center, with support of the Caltech Beckman Institute and the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation; and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Story Source: Materials provided by California Institute of Technology . Original written by Kimm Fesenmaier. Note: Content may be edited for style and length. Related Multimedia : Journal Reference : Cite This Page :(The Center Square) – The U.S. Government Accountability Office says leadership is needed to fully define quantum threat mitigation strategy. A new report released by the agency emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive federal leadership to address the emerging cybersecurity risks posed by quantum computing, warning that without prompt and coordinated action, adversarial nations might exploit quantum technology to undermine national security. "It is important for the Office of the National Cyber Director to act on our recommendation now for several reasons," Marisol Cruz Cain, director with GAO's Information Technology and Cybersecurity team, wrote in an email to The Center Square. "Adversaries could copy data protected by cryptography today and store it with the intention of accessing it later once a cryptographically relevant quantum computer is developed." The director is also the lead author of The Future of Cybersecurity. "The key to successful migrations is to start planning now and not wait until a CRQC is on the horizon," Cain wrote. "A fully comprehensive strategy will provide agencies with more clarity on their responsibilities and the common outcomes they are aiming to achieve. It will also provide the nation a better-defined roadmap for allocating and managing resources and holding participants accountable for achieving results." A cryptographically relevant quantum computer is a quantum computer that can run algorithms to crack or weaken existing cryptography. Quantum computing is a rapidly advancing technology that has the potential to solve complex problems at an unprecedented speed, which also poses significant risks in today's cybersecurity. The report says various documents have been developed over the past eight years that have contributed to an emerging U.S. national quantum computing cybersecurity strategy. The Government Accountability Office has identified three goals moving forward. The first goal is to standardize post-quantum cryptography, the second would be to migrate federal systems to that cryptography, and the third would encourage all sectors of the economy to prepare for the threat. The report identifies gaps in federal agency preparedness and a lack of clear leadership to oversee the transition to quantum-safe systems, as "No single federal organization is responsible for the U.S. strategy’s coordination." While agencies like the National Institute of Standards and Technology have taken necessary steps to develop quantum-resistant cryptographic standards, the report found inconsistencies in how federal agencies implement recommendations. The Government Accountability Office says national strategies should ideally contain six characteristics: • Purpose, scope, and methodology. More from this section • Problem definition and risk assessment. • Objectives, activities, milestones, and performance measures. • Resources, investments, and risk management. • Organizational roles, responsibilities, and coordination. • Implementation and integration. According to the report, the accountability office was asked to investigate the federal government's strategy for addressing threats posed by quantum computers to the nation's cryptography. The current encryption methods are designed to secure sensitive data, but unfortunately, could potentially become vulnerable to future efforts of quantum-enabled decryption in the future. The report also stresses that the federal government will need to act swiftly to implement quantum-resistant cryptography in order to ensure that those critical systems would remain secure. According to the report, "some experts predict that a quantum computer capable of breaking certain cryptography – referred to as a cryptographically relevant quantum computer – may be developed in the next 10 to 20 years." The agency also identified challenges in workforce development and noted a shortage of professionals with expertise in quantum computing and cybersecurity, suggesting federal agencies invest in training programs and collaborate with private sector leaders to ensure a skilled future workforce that is ready to tackle any quantum-related threats. The report serves as a roadmap for quantum threat mitigation and outlines ways the federal government could appoint a centralized leadership body to oversee the implementation of quantum-safe measures. The report also calls for increased funding for quantum research and development and stronger public-private partnerships to address other vulnerabilities while also emphasizing that proactive leadership is critical to ensuring the United States remains at the forefront of cybersecurity in the quantum era.Fresno State QB Mikey Keene transferring to MichiganPoonawalla Fincorp CTO steps down after "harassment" from HR head; read resignation mail sent to the company's MD
Stock market today: Wall Street wavers at the start of a holiday-shortened weekContinuously optimize user experience, Baijiayun's live and on-demand products complete autumn upgrade
