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STOCK MARKET SNAPSHOT FOR 28/11/2024President-elect Donald Trump has promised swift immigration action during his second term in office. He has repeatedly pledged to seal the U.S.-Mexico border and implement a mass deportation program targeting millions of people who are in the U.S. illegally. On Dec. 8, in a wide-ranging interview with NBC’s “Meet the Press,” Trump suggested he is considering deporting entire families, including children who are U.S. citizens with undocumented parents. “I don’t want to be breaking up families, so the only way you don’t break up the family is you keep them together and you have to send them all back,” Trump said, echoing remarks his border czar Tom Homan made in October. Multiple people on social media claim the president cannot legally deport U.S. citizens because doing so would be unconstitutional. Recent online search trends show many people online are wondering if this is true. THE QUESTION Is it unconstitutional to deport U.S. citizens? THE SOURCES 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution Afroyim v. Rusk Michelle Mittelstadt , director of communications and public affairs for the Migration Policy Institute Allen Orr, Jr., J.D. , an immigration attorney and founder of Orr Immigration Law Firm P.C. Jean Lantz Reisz, J.D. , co-director of the USC Immigration Clinic, and clinical associate professor of law at the USC Gould School of Law Maureen Sweeney, J.D. , law school professor and director of the Chacón Center for Immigrant Justice at the University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law Scott D. Pollock & Associates, P.C , an immigration law firm in Chicago, Illinois THE ANSWER Yes, deporting U.S. citizens is a violation of the U.S. Constitution. Sign up for the VERIFY Fast Facts daily Newsletter! WHAT WE FOUND The president cannot deport U.S. citizens, including those with undocumented parents, because doing so would be unconstitutional, according to immigration law experts. The U.S. Constitution protects natural-born citizens from being deported by the government. But citizens may choose to renounce their citizenship voluntarily. “It is unconstitutional to deport U.S. citizens,” said Michelle Mittelstadt, a spokesperson for the nonpartisan Migration Policy Institute. U.S. citizenship through birth, which is known as “birthright citizenship,” comes via the 14th Amendment , which was ratified after the Civil War to secure citizenship for newly freed Black Americans. It was later, after multiple court challenges, used to guarantee citizenship to all babies born on U.S. soil regardless of the citizenship of their parents. Section 1 of the 14th Amendment reads: “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” Trump has repeatedly said he would attempt to end birthright citizenship through executive action in his second term. However, we previously found that the president cannot end birthright citizenship by executive order because it would also violate the Constitution. Amending the Constitution would require congressional action and ratification by three-quarters of the states. Law experts agree that any executive order by Trump or any president to terminate birthright citizenship would likely be subjected to legal and judicial challenges. On Dec. 8, immigration attorney Allen Orr Jr. wrote on X that a president cannot deport U.S. citizens because “U.S. citizenship cannot be revoked arbitrarily” under the 14th Amendment. Orr added that in 1967, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in a landmark case known as Afroyim v. Rusk “that the government cannot involuntarily strip a citizen of their citizenship, meaning a person can only lose their citizenship if they voluntarily relinquish it.” Jean Reisz, a law professor and the co-director of the USC Immigration Clinic, told VERIFY it is unclear if Trump actually plans to forcefully deport U.S. citizens with undocumented parents, which she agrees he cannot legally do because it would be unlawful. “It seems to me Trump is addressing a situation that often occurs in mixed-status families with young U.S. citizen or LPR [legal permanent resident] children, and/or spouses where a noncitizen family member is going to be deported and the family must decide whether they will go with the noncitizen to the country to where the noncitizen is being deported and start a life there, or stay in the U.S. and be separated from the noncitizen,” Reisz explained. VERIFY reached out to the Trump transition team for clarification but did not hear back before publication. Although deporting U.S. citizens is unconstitutional, it has happened illegally in the past, according to Mittelstadt and Maureen Sweeney, the director of the Chacón Center for Immigrant Justice at the University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law. “U.S. citizens have been deported, unlawfully, during prior instances of significant deportations, including during local ‘repatriation drives’ that took place around the U.S. during the Great Depression and during ‘Operation Wetback ’ in the Eisenhower administration,” Mittelstadt said. “These deportations were illegal then, as they would be now,” Sweeney noted. The Associated Press contributed to this report . Related Articles No, the president cannot end birthright citizenship by executive order Yes, Trump will have the authority to pardon Jan. 6 rioters What we can VERIFY about Trump’s plan to use the military to support mass deportations The VERIFY team works to separate fact from fiction so that you can understand what is true and false. Please consider subscribing to our daily newsletter , text alerts and our YouTube channel . You can also follow us on Snapchat , Instagram , Facebook and TikTok . Learn More » Follow Us YouTube Snapchat Instagram Facebook TikTok Want something VERIFIED? Text: 202-410-8808

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FMC Corporation announces election of Anthony DiSilvestro to Board of DirectorsBy MEAD GRUVER and AMY BETH HANSON, Associated Press A judge on Monday rejected a request to block a San Jose State women’s volleyball team member from playing in a conference tournament on grounds that she is transgender. Monday’s ruling by U.S. Magistrate Judge S. Kato Crews in Denver will allow the player, who has played all season, to continue competing in the Mountain West Conference women’s championship scheduled for later this week in Las Vegas. The ruling comes after a lawsuit was filed by nine current players who are suing the Mountain West Conference to challenge the league’s policies for allowing transgender players to participate. The players argued that letting her compete was a safety risk and unfair. While some media have reported those and other details, neither San Jose State nor the forfeiting teams have confirmed the school has a trans women’s volleyball player. The Associated Press is withholding the player’s name because she has not publicly commented on her gender identity. School officials also have declined an interview request with the player. Judge Crews referred to the athlete as an “alleged transgender” player in his ruling and noted that no defendant disputed that San Jose State rosters a transgender woman volleyball player. He said the players who filed the complaint could have sought relief much earlier, noting that the individual universities had acknowledged that not playing their games against San Jose State this season would result in a forfeit in league standings. He also said injunctions are meant to preserve the status quo. The conference policy regarding forfeiting for refusing to play against a team with a transgender player had been in effect since 2022 and the San Jose State player has been on the roster since 2022 – making that the status quo. The player competed at the college level three previous seasons, including two for San Jose State, drawing little attention. This season’s awareness of her identity led to an uproar among some players, pundits, parents and politicians in a political campaign year. The tournament starts Wednesday and continues Friday and Saturday. San Jose State is seeded second. The judge’s order maintains the seedings and pairings for the tournament. Several teams refused to play against San Jose State during the season, earning losses in the official standings. Boise State and Wyoming each had two forfeits while Utah State and Nevada both had one. Southern Utah, a member of the Western Athletic Conference, was first to cancel against San Jose State this year. Nevada’s players stated they “refuse to participate in any match that advances injustice against female athletes,” without providing further details. Crews served as a magistrate judge in Colorado’s U.S. District Court for more than five years before President Joe Biden appointed him to serve as a federal judge in January of this year. Gruver reported from Cheyenne, Wyoming, and Hanson from Helena, Montana.

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New York City FC will have the privilege of hosting the first-ever playoff Hudson River Derby against the New York Red Bulls in Saturday's Eastern Conference semifinal. Sixth-seeded NYCFC outlasted FC Cincinnati in a best-of-three Round 1 series despite losing the opening game. Alonso Martinez, Thiago Martins and Santiago Rodriguez scored in an impressive 3-1 home win to level the series, and then NYCFC prevailed on penalties in the deciding match following a 0-0 draw. New York City also have the form sheet on their side, winning both regular-season meetings against the Red Bulls, which ultimately proved the difference in finishing the season three points higher in the East standings and earning the right to play Saturday's historic fixture in Queens. "We're really proud that we're going to have 24-25,000 of our people in there, but we have to play our part in getting the atmosphere (going) and delivering a performance," NYCFC coach Nick Cushing said. "I think together, if our fans bring the passion and are right behind us from the off, and we play on the front foot, I think it will give us every chance of putting in a good performance." NYCFC throttled the seventh-seeded Red Bulls 5-1 in New Jersey in their final regular-season meeting in late September. But that game proved to be a turning point for RBNY and coach Sandro Schwarz, who held one-on-one meetings with his players in the following days to try and address an extended slump in form. "We know how they played against us," Schwarz said. "We know how we played, especially the last game in our stadium was tough. The days after the game was tough. But now it's new competition." Attacking midfielder Emil Forsberg also made his first start in nearly four months in the following match, a 4-1 romp past Toronto. The Swedish veteran -- who had a prolonged recovery from a foot injury -- has spearheaded an attack that looked much improved in their Round 1 sweep of the defending MLS Cup champion Columbus Crew. That included a goal and an assist in the 2-2 draw in Game 2 before RBNY prevailed on penalties. --Field Level Media

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The City of Ottawa won't be creating a pot of money to buy at-risk affordable housing any time soon, citing the danger of losing federal and provincial funding by shifting away from construction. College ward Coun. Laine Johnson led the charge for an acquisition fund at Wednesday's planning and housing committee meeting, but failed to convince enough of her colleagues to vote alongside her. "What I've been disappointed with is the idea that we have to put new construction essentially in competition with acquisition," Johnson told CBC after the vote. Her motion would have seen half of any money the city gets from the vacant unit tax — beyond what's forecast in the budget — go toward preserving existing affordable housing stock. It failed by a vote of eight to four, with only councillors Riley Brockington, Ariel Troster and committee chair Jeff Leiper supporting Johnson's bid. City says it can't meet affordable housing targets without more help Councillor pushing for anti-renoviction bylaw in Ottawa What is an acquisitions fund? Debbie Stewart, the city's general manager of strategic initiatives, wrote to the committee ahead of the meeting to lay out her staff's concerns. An acquisition fund is a "dedicated pool of capital" that can either fund a direct purchase, or finance a low-cost loan or grant to housing providers, she wrote. Similar funds exist in Toronto and several provinces. $500M fund to protect, expand affordable housing in B.C. attracts dozens of applications Montreal non-profits are buying up apartments to keep rents low While Stewart said the funds can strengthen the community housing sector, she cautioned that market competition for units in high-demand areas can jack up the purchase price. Older units also come with high repair costs, she said. But the main concern surrounds the structure of Ottawa's housing strategy, which relies on the federal Housing Accelerator Fund and provincial Building Faster Fund. Debbie Stewart, the city's general manager of strategic initiatives, said staff can't support a new fund to buy affordable housing. (Francis Ferland/CBC) Putting funding at risk Both funds require Ottawa to meet ambitious building targets. "We really need to direct city funds into achieving those goals," Stewart told CBC, noting that the funds leave little room for negotiation. Cyril Rogers, the city's chief financial officer, agrees the focus has to be on construction. "I think that's what we should be focused on in the next two or three years. Any nickel or dime that we take away from that process will impact that plan," he told councillors. Ottawa to get $176M from federal housing fund Ottawa gets $37.5M from province's housing fund Waiting would also allow the city to see how the federal government develops its own acquisitions fund. The $1.5-billion Canada Rental Protection Fund would leverage "philanthropic investing" to "help non-profits, co-ops and other community housing providers," the office of the minister of Housing, Infrastructure and Communities told CBC in a written statement. A spokesperson said there should be more details on the fund's design and rollout "in the coming months." Several councillors worry that relying on outside money is risky, however. "If we're waiting for the federal government, who knows what federal government we will have," said Capital ward Coun. Shawn Menard, who is not on the committee. Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre has already said he would dissolve the Housing Accelerator Fund if elected prime minister. At least 17 Conservative MPs advocated for money from a housing program Poilievre vows to cut Conservative MPs frustrated after Poilievre bars them from promoting housing fund: sources Concerns over political uncertainty Johnson said the current plans show a "lack of creativity." She likened the city's current housing plans to a "leaky rowboat," where staff focus on years-long construction projects while overlooking the continued loss of affordable units — and she's worried things will get worse. "If we can't afford steel or lumber coming from the [United States] under new tariffs, if we can't afford land around transit ... acquisition becomes even more important," said Johnson. Meg McCallum is the interim executive director of Alliance to End Homelessness Ottawa. (Francis Ferland/CBC) Several advocates have attempted to rally councillors around an acquisition fund, including Alliance to End Homelessness Ottawa. "When we lose those units, we're not replacing them at a pace that keeps up with what's needed," said Meg McCallum, interim executive director of the non-profit coalition. "Let's just not lose what we already have." Pilots ongoing Stewart said Wednesday's decision doesn't mean the city will never create an acquisitions fund, nor that non-profits with plans to purchase a property can't get help now. She pointed to the Ottawa Community Land Trust (OCLT), which advocated for the fund. The Ottawa Community Land Trust purchased this Kirkwood Avenue building in late 2023 and has been paying off the $1.7-million cost through a variety of sources. (Mathieu Deroy/CBC) It has so far purchased two properties by leveraging donations, bonds and municipal funding, and told councillors earlier this month that it was already looking for its third and fourth properties. "We do believe this represents a new way of working," said Mike Bulthuis, the group's executive director. "Our hope ... is that public funds might support a diversity of approaches." Staff are still "monitoring the viability" of the model, Stewart wrote to councillors, noting that the city filled a "financial shortfall" after revenues failed to meet expectations. That was before OCLT raised $1.7 million through its community bond campaign.Axios CEO Flips Out Over Elon Musk’s ‘Bulls**t’ Claim That X Users Are Replacing The Media

By MEAD GRUVER and AMY BETH HANSON, Associated Press A judge on Monday rejected a request to block a San Jose State women’s volleyball team member from playing in a conference tournament on grounds that she is transgender. Monday’s ruling by U.S. Magistrate Judge S. Kato Crews in Denver will allow the player, who has played all season, to continue competing in the Mountain West Conference women’s championship scheduled for later this week in Las Vegas. The ruling comes after a lawsuit was filed by nine current players who are suing the Mountain West Conference to challenge the league’s policies for allowing transgender players to participate. The players argued that letting her compete was a safety risk and unfair. While some media have reported those and other details, neither San Jose State nor the forfeiting teams have confirmed the school has a trans women’s volleyball player. The Associated Press is withholding the player’s name because she has not publicly commented on her gender identity. School officials also have declined an interview request with the player. Judge Crews referred to the athlete as an “alleged transgender” player in his ruling and noted that no defendant disputed that San Jose State rosters a transgender woman volleyball player. He said the players who filed the complaint could have sought relief much earlier, noting that the individual universities had acknowledged that not playing their games against San Jose State this season would result in a forfeit in league standings. He also said injunctions are meant to preserve the status quo. The conference policy regarding forfeiting for refusing to play against a team with a transgender player had been in effect since 2022 and the San Jose State player has been on the roster since 2022 – making that the status quo. The player competed at the college level three previous seasons, including two for San Jose State, drawing little attention. This season’s awareness of her identity led to an uproar among some players, pundits, parents and politicians in a political campaign year. The tournament starts Wednesday and continues Friday and Saturday. San Jose State is seeded second. The judge’s order maintains the seedings and pairings for the tournament. Several teams refused to play against San Jose State during the season, earning losses in the official standings. Boise State and Wyoming each had two forfeits while Utah State and Nevada both had one. Southern Utah, a member of the Western Athletic Conference, was first to cancel against San Jose State this year. Nevada’s players stated they “refuse to participate in any match that advances injustice against female athletes,” without providing further details. Crews served as a magistrate judge in Colorado’s U.S. District Court for more than five years before President Joe Biden appointed him to serve as a federal judge in January of this year. Gruver reported from Cheyenne, Wyoming, and Hanson from Helena, Montana.Union Pacific Corp. stock rises Tuesday, outperforms marketHooded Armed Thugs Threaten Government of Argentina, Vowing to Leave Trail of ‘Dead People’